Religious Trends in the Ottoman Empire and Its Impact on Iraqi Society

Abstract

In fact, during the Ottoman occupation of Iraq in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, Iraq, with its various cultural groups, did not witness an ideological-political movement similar to that which occurred in some cities of the Arab-Islamic countries of the Levant, especially in Egypt and the Levant. On the other hand, it witnessed a number of cultural-religious phenomena And literature that took a political character, and formed the preludes to the emergence of an Islamic political intellectual movement, which was prominently expressed by the role of the positions of the Shiite religious establishment, especially the supreme authority, and some of the mujtahids in Najaf, Karila and Samarra, and as also contributed by a number of Sunni scholars in Baghdad. However, the political and intellectual role played by the Shiite Islamic group and its scholars constituted a prelude to their role in that era and to the emergence of an Islamic renaissance that rose to the level of the movement.