تلوث المياه السطحية في محافظـة النجـف واثرها على الإنسان

Abstract

The objective of the study was to shed light on the most important natural and human factors affecting the quantity and type of surface water in the province of Najaf. These natural factors were represented by climate change and its associated decrease in rainfall in the fed basins of the Euphrates and Euphrates rivers, and the decrease and slope of the surface and its associated decrease in water level and flow. This increases the concentration of pollutants and salts.
The human factors, represented by the addition of activities (agricultural, industrial and domestic services) within the governorate of polluted water,
have deteriorated the type of surface water. The study summarized the results of the classification of factors according to the effect as follows:
1. Factors Affecting Surface Water These factors were the absence of the control role and the absence of primary and secondary treatment units for the heavy water exhaust produced by the industrial activities, as well as the absence of treatment of heavy water and waste water, especially the most dangerous types of wastewater produced by ( Hospitals and prisons).
2. Ignorance of farmers related to agricultural activities, which led to excessive use of chemical fertilizers. The other was a major factor in increasing the concentration of pollutant percentage in agricultural drainage water due to increasing quantities of chemical fertilizers and agricultural
pesticides used in agricultural fields, which find their way after the process of washing the soil Or through the discharge of excess water from the need
to find its way in many cases to the nearby rivers without the treatment of water to the water.
3. Weak management of treatment plants for drinking water and low efficiency plant due to lack of reserve income and disinfectant material or
due to negligence of workers.
4. Improper use by citizens, which leads to waste in sterile drinking water.